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| Oleh: Ayis Mukholik |
AbstractThis study discusses the phases that human beings must go through to
achieve a noble degree in the sight of God. In Sufism, this topic is known
as maqamat and ahwal. Maqamat is
the spiritual position, that is, the existence of a person in the way of Allah by
trying to practice the deeds to be closer to Allah. While ahwal is
a condition or spiritual circumstance within heart bestowed by God because of
the intensity of the dhikr (remembering God). To reach the
highest level (ma'rifatullah), it can not be reached in a way that is easy and
short time. Man must try to empty himself from sin and fill it with good deeds.
For only with a holy soul, God gives much of His knowledge. This paper aims to
describe and analyze the stages of human spirituality in the book of a classic
Sufi figure, Abu Nasr Al-Sarraj. Through inner experience, Sarraj formulated
the concept of being close to God. This thought is based on the social
conditions of society at that time concerning with material matters rather than
spiritual ones. Therefore, the question is how the spiritual phases should be
achieved by Al-Sarraj? To answer this question, the researcher uses a
qualitative method by examining the text and analyzing it to find the sequences
of phases. The result of this research is that Al Sarraj formulates 7 levels
of maqam and 9 levels ahwal. Humans who can
run the phase are classified into Insan Kamil (perfect human) because there is
no distance between him and God.
KeywordsSufistic thought; Maqam and Ahwal; Abu
Nasr Al-Sarraj; Book of Luma'Baca juga: Herbert Berg dan Verifikasi
Otentisitas Hadis Dalam Kitab Tafsir Jami’ al-Bayan fi Tafsir Al-Qur’an
ReferencesAl-Hujwiri, Kashf al-Mahjub: Risalah
Persia Tertua tentang Tasawuf, trans. Abdul Hadi WM, Bandung: Mizan, 1993.Al-Ghazali, Abu Hamid, Ihya’ ‘Ulumuddin,
vol. III, Beirut: Dar al-Ma’rifah, n.d.Anwar, Rosihan and Mukhtar Solihin, Ilmu
Tasawuf, Bandung: Pustaka Setia, 2004.Armstrong, Amatullah, Kunci Memasuki
Dunia Tasawuf: Khazanah Istilah Sufi, Bandung: Mizan, 1998.As, Asmaran, Pengantar Studi Tasawuf,
Jakarta: PT Raja Grafindo Persada, 2002.Bosworth, C.E, E. Van Donzel, W.P
Heinrichs and G. Lacomte, The Encyclopedia of Islam, Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1997.Mahmud, Abdul Halim dan Taha Abd Baqi
Surur, Al-Luma’ Wa Makanatuhu fi Al-Tasawwuf Al-Islami, Kairo: Maktaba
al-Thaqafah al-Diniyyah, n.d.Naim, Ngainun, Teologi Kerukunan Mencari
TItik Temu dalam Keragaman, Yogakarta: Penerbit Teras, 2011.Nata, Abuddin, Akhlak Tasawuf, Jakarta:
Rajawali Pers, 2011.Rakhmat, Jalaluddin, Islam Alternatif,
Bandung: Mizan, 1991.Razzaq, Abdur dan Naufal, Islam
Memadukan Agama Dan Dunia, terj. Abdurrahman Yasin, Surabaya: PT Bina Ilmu,
1985.Schimmel, Annemarie, Dimensi Mistik
dalam Islam, terj. Sapardi Djoko Damono dkk, Jakata: Pustaka Firdaus, 2000.Shihab, M. Quraish, Wawasan Al Quran,
Bandung: Penerbit Mizan, 1999.Syukur, Amin, Tasawuf Kontekstual Solusi
Problem Manusia Modern, Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar, 2003.Syukur, Amin, Zuhud di Abad Modern,
Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar, 2004.Tim Penyusun MKD IAIN Sunan Ampel,
Akhlak Tasawuf, Surabaya: IAIN SA Press, 2011.
Oleh: Ayis Mukholik
AbstractThis study discusses the phases that human beings must go through to
achieve a noble degree in the sight of God. In Sufism, this topic is known
as maqamat and ahwal. Maqamat is
the spiritual position, that is, the existence of a person in the way of Allah by
trying to practice the deeds to be closer to Allah. While ahwal is
a condition or spiritual circumstance within heart bestowed by God because of
the intensity of the dhikr (remembering God). To reach the
highest level (ma'rifatullah), it can not be reached in a way that is easy and
short time. Man must try to empty himself from sin and fill it with good deeds.
For only with a holy soul, God gives much of His knowledge. This paper aims to
describe and analyze the stages of human spirituality in the book of a classic
Sufi figure, Abu Nasr Al-Sarraj. Through inner experience, Sarraj formulated
the concept of being close to God. This thought is based on the social
conditions of society at that time concerning with material matters rather than
spiritual ones. Therefore, the question is how the spiritual phases should be
achieved by Al-Sarraj? To answer this question, the researcher uses a
qualitative method by examining the text and analyzing it to find the sequences
of phases. The result of this research is that Al Sarraj formulates 7 levels
of maqam and 9 levels ahwal. Humans who can
run the phase are classified into Insan Kamil (perfect human) because there is
no distance between him and God.
KeywordsSufistic thought; Maqam and Ahwal; Abu Nasr Al-Sarraj; Book of Luma'Baca juga: Herbert Berg dan Verifikasi Otentisitas Hadis Dalam Kitab Tafsir Jami’ al-Bayan fi Tafsir Al-Qur’an
ReferencesAl-Hujwiri, Kashf al-Mahjub: Risalah Persia Tertua tentang Tasawuf, trans. Abdul Hadi WM, Bandung: Mizan, 1993.Al-Ghazali, Abu Hamid, Ihya’ ‘Ulumuddin, vol. III, Beirut: Dar al-Ma’rifah, n.d.Anwar, Rosihan and Mukhtar Solihin, Ilmu Tasawuf, Bandung: Pustaka Setia, 2004.Armstrong, Amatullah, Kunci Memasuki Dunia Tasawuf: Khazanah Istilah Sufi, Bandung: Mizan, 1998.As, Asmaran, Pengantar Studi Tasawuf, Jakarta: PT Raja Grafindo Persada, 2002.Bosworth, C.E, E. Van Donzel, W.P Heinrichs and G. Lacomte, The Encyclopedia of Islam, Leiden: E.J. Brill, 1997.Mahmud, Abdul Halim dan Taha Abd Baqi Surur, Al-Luma’ Wa Makanatuhu fi Al-Tasawwuf Al-Islami, Kairo: Maktaba al-Thaqafah al-Diniyyah, n.d.Naim, Ngainun, Teologi Kerukunan Mencari TItik Temu dalam Keragaman, Yogakarta: Penerbit Teras, 2011.Nata, Abuddin, Akhlak Tasawuf, Jakarta: Rajawali Pers, 2011.Rakhmat, Jalaluddin, Islam Alternatif, Bandung: Mizan, 1991.Razzaq, Abdur dan Naufal, Islam Memadukan Agama Dan Dunia, terj. Abdurrahman Yasin, Surabaya: PT Bina Ilmu, 1985.Schimmel, Annemarie, Dimensi Mistik dalam Islam, terj. Sapardi Djoko Damono dkk, Jakata: Pustaka Firdaus, 2000.Shihab, M. Quraish, Wawasan Al Quran, Bandung: Penerbit Mizan, 1999.Syukur, Amin, Tasawuf Kontekstual Solusi Problem Manusia Modern, Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar, 2003.Syukur, Amin, Zuhud di Abad Modern, Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar, 2004.Tim Penyusun MKD IAIN Sunan Ampel, Akhlak Tasawuf, Surabaya: IAIN SA Press, 2011.
Oleh: Ayis Mukholik
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